Jonathan Zins
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Hi Heather and Andrea,
Thank you for this question! The most important management for diabetic ulcers is offloading to allow for wound healing. This still applies even with wounds on the dorsal foot. You are correct that plantar ulcers are the classic indication for total contact casts, but they are still indicated for dorsal ulcers. The main goal of the therapist is offloading and promotion of healing.
Why B is incorrect: shoes are only a preventative measure, not a treatment
Why C is incorrect: weight bearing would increase shear forces
Why D is incorrect: partial weight bearing is not enough offloadingRemember that the exam will make you choose the BEST answer. You got this!
-JonathanHi Dabbie,
Thank you for taking the time to ask about this. We reviewed the answer key and you are 100% correct! We will fix the key. Thank you for catching this and keep up the great work!Hi Alison, Great question. Warfarin is only listed as “conditionally inappropriate” meaning it is only flagged when used inappropriately (such as when monitoring is poor or when used with certain high‑risk interacting medications). warfarin reduces stroke risk in AFib by preventing clot formation, which is critical. The correct answer is increasing calorie intake as this would likely lead to weight gain which INCREASES stroke risk. Does this help?
I went back to the original article and the article also had the incorrect sign. Way to go catching this, it even got past the peer review process!
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27537070/Hi Keaton,
You are absolutely correct, thank you for catching that! We will fix this error and have it updated within the week. Keep up the great work, you are almost there!
Reading back through this, we are going to change option C to more clearly highlight appropriate dosing/rehabilitation of the knee. We will also change option B to focus more on risking a sedentary lifestyle. Thank you BOTH for bringing this to our attention! We thrive on excellent and engaged participants just like you both. Thank you!
Good question Leah, Ciera’s explanation is spot on. COPD typically causes low V/Q ratio due to airway obstruction and poor ventilation relative to perfusion. (Some emphysematous regions may have high V/Q, but overall COPD is categorized as a low V/Q condition.)
Hi Jesse,
Thanks for the question. Option C is indeed the correct answer. Was this marked as incorrect for you? If so this may be a technical error we can resolve.Hi Jess and Michael,
Thank you both for catching this. You are absolutely right! We have fixed the error and the corrected file should be visible in the next 3-5 days. Thank you!
Hi Anthony,
Good question. Under Medicare rules, you can be certified as homebound and still leave your house for certain appointments, including doctor visits, church, occasional trips to the barber, etc. Being homebound for Medicare purposes does not mean you are confined to your bed or never allowed to leave your house, but it does mean you cannot frequently leave your home for non-medical reasons (i.e. daily coffee with friends). Does this help?
Clinically, start with a sensitive test to screen broadly, then follow it with a specific test to confirm the diagnosis or risk 🙂
Hey Victoria,
Yes, that makes perfect sense! You are thinking about it correctly. I find “SnOUT” and SpIN” the easiest ways to remember this. Keep up the good work!Hi Victoria,
First, great work putting in the hours now and staying ahead of things, you’re going to do GREAT in the Spring!
Second, thank you for catching this error. However, the correct answer should be B, not C or D.Let’s dive into this. A sensitivity of 98% means that the test will correctly identify 98% of people truly at high fall risk, but it will fail to identify 2% who are truly at fall risk.
A specificity of 21.2% means that the test will correctly identify 21.2% of people not at fall risk, but will also identify 78.8% as having fall risk when they do notIn other words, the chance of a false positive is very high with the test in option C.
The answer should be “B”. Your sensitivity is still very high, and the specificity is also pretty high. Because the specificity is high, there is less chance of a “false alarm”. In other words, if a person does screen positive, it is more likely they are actually positive and not a false positive.
Here is another way to look at it: Option b (Sn 97.5%, Sp 81.9%) provides the highest chance of obtaining a true positive because it combines very high sensitivity with moderate specificity. Sensitivity reflects the test’s ability to correctly identify individuals who have the condition — so a high sensitivity means most true cases will be detected. While specificity helps reduce false positives, the relatively high specificity in this option ensures that the number of false positives remains reasonably low. Together, these values increase the Positive Predictive Value (PPV), meaning a positive test result is more likely to be a true positive.
Hope this helps!
JonathanHi Vanessa,
Unfortunately neither the ABPTRFE, APTA, nor Geriatric section of the APTA provide a resource like this (likely due to the sheer volume of medications). As you study, I would focus on understanding ADRs, drug classes, and implications for older adults vs memorizing specific medications. While it would be helpful to know common cardiac or neurologic medications, focusing on how the study guide is laid out will be the most efficient use of time. Hope this helps and keep up the great work!
-Jonathan
